To determine the effects of pelvic floor muscle training against other single treatment modalities in the management of female urinary (stress, mixed, urgency) incontinence.

We will make the following comparisons:

1. PFMT versus lifestyle intervention, based on structured and supervised programme;
2. PFMT versus weighted vaginal cones;
3. PFMT versus mechanical intervention (e.g. pessary);
4. PFMT versus behavioural and psychological therapy (e.g. bladder training with the characteristic scheduled voiding regimen);
5. PFMT versus non-invasive electrical or magnetic stimulation (we will exclude trials that involve the use of implantable electrodes);
6. PFMT versus drug therapy;
7. PFMT versus surgery;
8. PFMT versus any other stand-alone active treatment as reported by individual trials.