This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:

Primary objective

To assess the benefits and harms of air compared with supplemental oxygen for resuscitation of term or late preterm infants at birth in reducing rates of mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).

Secondary objectives

To assess whether the benefits and harms of air compared with supplemental oxygen differ according to different oxygen concentrations, gestational age (GA), whether oxygen was titrated to saturation curves and the income of the study country.